Hypovitaminosis D is associated with depression and anxiety in schizophrenia: results from the national FACE-SZ cohort. Running title: hypovitaminosis D, depression and anxiety in schizophrenia

International audienceBackground. Guidelines have been edited for the treatment of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipola

Qualité de vie des aidants naturels de patients souffrant de schizophrénie (élaboration d'un instrument de mesure)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Multiple Realities and Hybrid Objects: A Creative Approach of Schizophrenic Delusion

Delusion is usually considered in DSM 5 as a false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality, but the issue of delusion raises crucial concerns, especially that of a possible (or absent) continuity between delusional and normal experiences, and the understanding of delusional experience. In the present study, we first aim to consider delusion from a perspectivist angle, according to the Multiple Reality Theory (MRT). In this model inherited from Alfred Schütz and recently addressed by Gallagher, we are not confronting one reality only, but several (such as the reality of everyday life, of imaginary life, of work, of delusion, etc.). In other terms, the MRT states that our own experience is not drawing its meaning from one reality identified as the outer reality but rather from a multiplicity of realities, each with their own logic and style. Two clinical cases illustrate how the Multiple Realities Theory (MRT) may help address the reality of delusion. Everyday reality and the reality of delusion may be articulated under a few conditions, such as compossibility [i.e., Double Book-Keeping (DBK), in Bleulerian terms] or flexibility. There are indeed possible bridges between them. Possible links with neuroscience or psychoanalysis are evoked. As the subject is confronting different realities, so do the objects among and toward which a subject is evolving. We call such objects Hybrid Objects (HO) due to their multiple belonging. They can operate as shifters, i.e., as some functional operators letting one switch from one reality to another. In the final section, we will emphasize how delusion flexibility, as a dynamic interaction between Multiple Realities, may offer psychotherapeutic possibilities within some reality shared with others, entailing relocation of the present subjects in regained access to some flexibility via Multiple Realities and perspectivism

Multiple Realities and Hybrid Objects: A Creative Approach of Schizophrenic Delusion

International audienceDelusion is usually considered in DSM 5 as a false belief based on incorrect inference about external reality, but the issue of delusion raises crucial concerns, especially that of a possible (or absent) continuity between delusional and normal experiences, and the understanding of delusional experience. In the present study, we first aim to consider delusion from a perspectivist angle, according to the Multiple Reality Theory (MRT). In this model inherited from Alfred Schütz and recently addressed by Gallagher, we are not confronting one reality only, but several (such as the reality of everyday life, of imaginary life, of work, of delusion, etc.). In other terms, the MRT states that our own experience is not drawing its meaning from one reality identified as the outer reality but rather from a multiplicity of realities, each with their own logic and style. Two clinical cases illustrate how the Multiple Realities Theory (MRT) may help address the reality of delusion. Everyday reality and the reality of delusion may be articulated under a few conditions, such as compossibility [i.e., Double Book-Keeping (DBK), in Bleulerian terms] or flexibility. There are indeed possible bridges between them. Possible links with neuroscience or psychoanalysis are evoked. As the subject is confronting different realities, so do the objects among and toward which a subject is evolving. We call such objects Hybrid Objects (HO) due to their multiple belonging. They can operate as shifters, i.e., as some functional operators letting one switch from one reality to another. In the final section, we will emphasize how delusion flexibility, as a dynamic interaction between Multiple Realities, may offer psychotherapeutic possibilities within some reality shared with others, entailing relocation of the present subjects in regained access to some flexibility via Multiple Realities and perspectivism

Perceptually or conceptually driven recognition: On the specificities of the memory deficit in schizophrenia

International audienceThis study explored the effects of exemplar changes on visual object recognition in patients with schizophrenia and paired control subjects. The experimental design was derived from the process-dissociation procedure (PDP: Jacoby, 1991). The objects presented at test could be the same exemplar as at study (physically identical picture), a different exemplar of the same object category, or a new, non-studied object. In the inclusion task, participants had to generalize their recognition to the conceptual level by accepting both different and identical exemplars as old. In the exclusion task, on the other hand, they had to accept only the same exemplars of the studied objects as old. Overall, performance was better on the inclusion task than on the exclusion task; schizophrenia patients performed worse than controls on the inclusion task but not the exclusion task, misrecognizing different exemplars more often than healthy controls. The present findings reveal that both recollection and familiarity are impaired in patients with schizophrenia, who present a relational, conceptually driven memory deficit. This deficit does not allow them to recognize an object as a member of a specific category independently of perceptual variations. This retrieval mode influences their subjective awareness of items' familiarity, and should be considered as a target for remediation. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

Predictive value of dorso-lateral prefrontal connectivity for rTMS response in treatment-resistant depression:A brain perfusion SPECT study

International audienceBackground: Previous clinical trials have suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has a significant antidepressant effect in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). However, results remain heterogeneous with many patients without effective response.Objective: The aim of this SPECT study was to determine before treatment the predictive value of the connectivity of the stimulated area on further rTMS response in patients with TRD.Methods: Fifty-eight TRD patients performed a brain perfusion SPECT before high frequency rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). A voxel based-analysis was achieved to compare connectivity of the left DLPFC in responders and non-responders using inter-regional correlations (p < 0.005, corrected for cluster volume). A multiple logistic regression model was thereafter used with the goal of establishing a predictive score.Results: Before rTMS, responders exhibited increased SPECT connectivity between the left DLPFC and the right cerebellum in comparison to non-responders, independently of age, gender, severity of depression, and severity of treatment resistance. The area under the curve for the combination of these two SPECT clusters to predict rTMS response was 0.756 (p < 0.005).Conclusions: SPECT connectivity of the left DLPFC predicts rTMS response before treatment

Brain PET metabolic substrate of TMS response in pharmaco-resistant depression

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Functional brain substrate of quality of life in patients with ă schizophrenia: A brain SPECT multidimensional analysis

International audienceThe aim of this study was to investigate the functional brain substrate ă of quality of life (QoL) in patients with schizophrenia. Participants ă comprised 130 right-handed patients with schizophrenia who underwent ă whole-brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with ă Tc-99m-labeled ethylcysteinate dimer (Tc-99m-ECD) for exploring ă correlations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) with the eight ă dimensions score of the Schizophrenia Quality of Life questionnaire ă (S-QoL 18). A significant positive correlation was found between the ă global index of the S-QoL 18 and rCBF in the right superior temporal ă sulcus and between psychological well-being dimension and rCBF in ă Brodmann area (BA)6, BA8, BA9, and BA10 and between self-esteem ă dimension and rCBF in striatum and between family relationship dimension ă and rCBF in BA1, BA2, BA3, BA4, BA8, BA22, BA40, BA42 and BA44 and ă between relationship with friends dimension and rCBF in BA44 and between ă physical well-being dimension and rCBF in parahippocampal gyrus, and ă finally between autonomy dimension and rCBF in cuneus and precuneus. A ă significant negative correlation was found between resilience dimension ă and rCBF in precuneus and between sentimental life dimension and rCBF in ă BA10. Our findings provide neural correlates of QoL. Brain regions ă involved in cognitions, emotional information processing and social ă cognition underlie the different QoL dimensions. (C) 2016 Published by ă Elsevier Ireland Ltd